Frequency of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis causing lower respiratory tract infection in local population

To see the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis causing lower respiratory tract infection and sensitivity pattern of the isolated organisms to various antibiotics. Experimental Study. This study was conducted at the Dept. of Microbiology Basic Medical Sciences Institute, JPMC, Karachi, from January 2001 to September 2001. A total of one hundred clinically suspected cases of lower respiratory tract infections attending OPD or admitted to the wards of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC] and Civil Hospital, Karachi were included in the study. Out of 100 cases 53% cases were positive for bacterial pathogens. Of the positive cases. S. pneumonae was 35.9%, H.influenzae 30.2% and other bacteria were 34.9%, in rest of the cases no bacterial pathogen was isolated. Age range in this study was 15-90 years and mean age was 38 years. Smokers have higher frequency i.e., 65.5% as compared to non-smokers in which 47.9% cases were positive for bacterial pathogens. Higher the number of pus cells /HPF [high power field] in sputum greater was the positivity of bacterial pathogen. Sensitivity pattern to antibiotics of different organisms was also seen in this study. The goal of the study was to see the behavior of the frequent organisms on the culture and to see the antibiotic sensitivity of lower respiratory tract specimen for the treatment. It requires increased number of patients with more advanced testing system

Role of rapid antigen detection test [RADT] and throat culture in the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis

To observe the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen detection test and throat culture in the diagnosis of pharyngo tonsillitis. An Experimental study. This study was conducted in microbiology department, basic medical sciences institute, Jinnah post graduate medical centre, National institute of child health, and civil hospital Karachi, from May 2003- April 2004. A total of 300 children attending OPD's and admitted [250 suspected and 50 Normal as control cases] of age group 5-15 years were included in this study and this age group was again divided into three sub groups I.e: first group from 5-8 years, second groups was from 9-12 years, and the third group was from 13- 15 years. Rapid antigen test carried out was based on immuno- chromato graphic membrane assay procedure, a total of 24 positive antigen detection test from suspected 250 cases and 5 from 50 control cases were isolated and these isolated [RADT positive] cases were again confirmed by throat culture. The Bacitracin sensitivity and catalase tests were also performed. The Rapid antigen detection test [RADT] is a rapid way of diagnosing the group A, Beta hemolytic streptococci, result can be obtained within 5-10 minutes so the treatment may be started accordingly, while the throat culture is still considered as the Gold standard for the diagnosis of group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. The positive as well as negative RADT cases were confirmed by the culture

Etiological aspects of penicillin-failure in the treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis caused by group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci [GABHS]

To observe and study the cause of penicillin-failure and to see the therapeutic effects of other drugs and find out more effective and better remedy. A Retrospective study. This study was conducted in Microbiology Department, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, National institute of Child Health from April 2004 - June 2005. A total of 300 children attending OPD's and admitted [250 suspected and 50 Normal as control cases] of age group 5 - 15 years were included in this study. Drug sensitivity pattern of streptococcus pyogenes isolated in infected and control children was observed. Antibiotic discs used were Penicillin [10] units and Erythromycin [15 micrograms]. The organism isolated GABHS shows 100% sensitivity to penicillin, while in case of erythromycin, it was sensitive in 24[85.7%] infected cases and resistant to 4[14.3%] cases. Pharyngotonsillitis is a disease of poor community, the therapy with penicillin is economical compared with Cephalosporin group. Penicillin therapy is helpful in preventing the supporative and n supporative complications caused by GABHs